IDENTIFY THE POULTRY DISEASE AFFECTING THIS BIRD

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Poultry diseases are great threat to the success of any poultry farm. Poultry disease is a traumatic condition that makes poultry farming a frustrating and unproductive one; also chides prospective poultry farmers from the business. Poultry diseases are deviations from the normal state of the birds' health.

Poultry birds have different behavioral patterns that attest to their wellness, it is obvious and can be seen or observed by the farmer. These are signs of healthy birds. Such birds are alerted with bright comb; they eat adequately and produce optimally. Any change in this normal behavior shows there is a problem within.

A change in the normal behavioral patterns of poultry birds is the beginning of an outbreak of a disease, most times; diseases are observed through clinical signs or symptoms the poultry bird exhibit. Different poultry diseases show different signs or symptoms on different parts of the birds. Some diseases makes the bird’s comb looks pale; some the legs become paralyzed while others are observed from the color or physical properties of the droppings the bird passes out.

Most of the deadly poultry diseases are observed from the droppings of the bird. The nature or physical properties, in terms of color and texture, of the poultry droppings is a great way to know the health status of the birds. This is why poultry farmers are often advised to pay rapt attention to the nature, especially the color, of the droppings of their birds. A healthy poultry bird’s dropping is always in form of a knot, grayish in color with white patches around it as seen above; anything aside from this means the birds are becoming sick and need swift medical attention.

Look at the picture below; it is a dropping of a poultry bird. It looks like a syrup and brownish in color. What do you think is wrong with this bird? Is it a poultry disease caused by bacteria, fungi or virus? Identify the disease and give likely preventive or curative measures.

SEED VIABILITY TEST: HOW TO KNOW YOUR SEED IS VIABLE BEFORE PLANTING

What makes most farmers fail is not lack of capital or labor but their inability to attest to the viability of the seed they planted. Seed viability test is very important in the cultivation of crops; you need to know how efficient and productive your seeds are before planting. This is part of the pre-planting operations a farmer must carry out before cultivation. However, most farmers boycott this operation in the quest to reduce or minimize the cost of production.

Seeds are living things and tend to die off after a long period. Seeds undergo a period of dormancy when stored; the ability of a seed to resume growth after the period of dormancy is called viability, thus, a seed that germinates after storage for some period is called a viable seed. Unlike humans, seeds do not show any physical sign of death or when they are not viable, in other words, you cannot recognize a viable seed and a nonviable seeds. Only seed viability test can give you the answer to this. So what is seed viability test and how is it carried out?

Seed viability test is the test carried out on seeds prior to planting to ascertain the possibility of the seed’s growth. It is simple to determine if the seed will resume growth after a period of dormancy. The advantage of seed viability test is that it prevents waste of resources and time. It can be carried out in three (3) ways; these are the common methods of testing viability of seeds. They are:

• Floating method:

     This is the simplest method of carrying out seed viability test. In this method, the seeds are poured into water and allowed to settle for about 30 minutes. After this period, some seeds sink while some float. The sinking ones are the viable once, that is, the good seeds, while the floating ones are the dead seeds. Hence, the floating ones are poured out while the ones that sank are fit for planting.

• Germination test:

     This is like normal planting. Parts of the seeds to be planted are selected at random and planted. After some days, the planted seeds are inspected to determine the growth rate of these seeds. At the end, the good seeds germinate and the bad ones do not germinate. This test takes about 10 days.

• Chemical test:

     The aforementioned methods are regarded as organic method of determining the viability of a seed. The chemical method is very effective and does not require much time like the germination test. It involves the use of a chemical known as Tetrazolium; this chemical is poured on the seeds and the change in color of the seeds is observed. If the seeds turn reddish, it means the seeds are viable and can germinate but if no reaction is observed, it means the seeds are dead and will not germinate. The seeds can be washed and planted immediately.

     These are simple ways to determine if a seed is viable or not. Farmers must ensure they determine the viability of their seed, irrespective of the source of the seed. It helps to secure the investment and assure the farmer of good return.

Former Barcelona and Spain striker Castro dies aged 68

Enrique Castro, a former Barcelona player and five-time top scorer in the Spanish league, died on Tuesday aged 68. Castro, nicknamed ‘Quini’, scored 54 league goals in 100 games for Barca and won two Copas del Rey (1981, 1983), as well as the UEFA Cup Winners’ Cup (1982).

He died in Gijon after suffering a heart attack. A statement from Barcelona read: “Enrique Castro ‘Quini’ dies (1949-2018), player and legend of our Club. The Camp Nou will never forget your legacy, RIP.” Castro also spent two spells at Sporting Gijon, the first of which spanned 12 years. “Quini has left us, Rest In Peace our myth,” a statement from Sporting read. An international with Spain, Castro played at the World Cup in 1978 and 1982, as well as the European Championship in 1980. He scored eight goals in 35 appearances for the national side.

He’s vanished with my car and cash!

Dear Bunmi,

My boyfriend was evicted from his rented accommodation a few months back and I took him in. His things were still with the bailiffs, but he promised to offset the debts he said he owed, so that he could get his life back.

I recently bought a new car and he offered to help me sell the old one. He offered to take it to a dealer who was also a friend, but has disappeared with the car and a substantial amount of money from my wardrobe.

Some of his friends told me a girl has been urging him to move in with her and she lives in another town. He’s since changed his phone number and there is no way I could get an explanation off him. Anita, by e-mail. Dear Anita, What’s there to explain when it’s obvious what he’s done? You need to get some emotional support to get you through the shock and grief you feel. You also need to report your car stolen. This wouldn’t do you much good as you voluntarily handed it over to him, but it could help you recover the car. As for the money, that too is gone with the bad choice of a boyfriend you made. You have no way of knowing things would turn out this way. Count your losses and move on. Only remember that not all men are heartless opportunists.